Hexagram 15: Modesty

謙Qiān

A mountain content to sit low.

The passages below are historical language. Their references to fortune, danger, and the exemplary person belong to the text’s world. Our modern explanation is an invitation to reflect on your situation.

The Judgment

Classical Chinese

謙。 亨,君子有終。

Our English rendering

Modesty. Success. A person of integrity brings things to completion.

The Image

Classical Chinese

象曰:地中有山,謙。君子以裒多益寡,稱物平施。

Our English rendering

A mountain lies within the earth: Modesty. A person of integrity therefore takes from what is excessive and adds to what is scarce, measuring things and distributing them fairly.

A modern reading

A mountain lies within the earth, placing height inside a larger containing ground. The Image makes modesty an action upon unevenness: reduce excess, supply scarcity, and measure what is being distributed. This gives the quality a material expression. In a present situation, you can look at how time, attention, and credit are allocated. Some parts of an undertaking may have accumulated more than they need while another essential part remains short of support.

The Judgment links modesty with bringing an undertaking to completion. Work can be followed through when its parts receive a proportion that lets them function together. A contemporary reflection might examine whether your account of a situation gives enough space to other people's contributions and to the limits of your own knowledge. Accurate proportions can help you accept useful correction, distribute responsibility, and finish work whose demands extend beyond what one person can carry.

A question to sit with

Where could you reduce an excess or supply a shortage to give this undertaking a fairer balance?

Source and method

The Judgment and Image are classical passages from the Book of Changes. The English rendering and modern explanation are Meow Ching’s editorial work. This page covers these two passages; it does not translate the six individual line texts.

Read the classical text on Wikisource · Our sources and method